chromolithography was also an expensive and labour-intensive process.
Smolik in 1877 offered "suname" - relief half-tone method . the halftone-method was pioneered in Montreal by Desbarats and applied to newsprinting. allowing haltone photography, beside text.
unknown if he touched on kobans imitations ?
He is recognized as the founder of lithography in Japan; However, his origin is not known definately, it is mentioned with Bohemia, Austria or Russia in various sources. He emigrated to the USA in order to avoid compulsory military service. As a qualified lithographer he was employed by the Japanese government, together with 
Charles J. Pollard, to be installed at the company Umemura Suizan as an instructor where he worked from 1874 to 1879. From January 1879 until 1884 he worked at Kokubunsha, which had taken over the Umemura company. He taught many Japanese the lithographic technique that later became known in both governmental and commercial printing offices, such as TAZAWA Masakoto.
Charles J. Pollard, to be installed at the company Umemura Suizan as an instructor where he worked from 1874 to 1879. From January 1879 until 1884 he worked at Kokubunsha, which had taken over the Umemura company. He taught many Japanese the lithographic technique that later became known in both governmental and commercial printing offices, such as TAZAWA Masakoto.However, his name is, with one exception, given only with katakana as SUMORIKKU, thus his name is not uniquely secured.
The Insatsu Jiten (print dictionary) of the government printing house of 1858 names him as Ottoman Smoric, which of course could also be spelt as "Smolik". In his employment contract with the Japanese government, he is named "モリック = Morik or Molik".
Around 1884, he was arrested by the Consulate and deported on a Russian warship because of his deprivation of military service. After that, we never heard from him again. For this reason, one can classify him as a Russian citizen.
TAZAWA Masakoto 田沢 昌言
* 1864 in Koriyama
† 16.10.1915
* 1864 in Koriyama
† 16.10.1915
He was born in 1864 as the son of a samurai from Yamato Kōriyama, southwest of Nara. He was a student of the lithographer Ottoman SMORIC. He continued his education in the USA at the American Bank Note Co. and returned to Japan in September 1890, where he was employed by the government printing house. He was engraver and designer, as well as MATSUDA Atsutomo (1837 - 1903) and Edoardo Chiossone (1833 - 1898).
Ottoman SMORIC. He continued his education in the USA at the American Bank Note Co. and returned to Japan in September 1890, where he was employed by the government printing house. He was engraver and designer, as well as MATSUDA Atsutomo (1837 - 1903) and Edoardo Chiossone (1833 - 1898).
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